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Within Active Directory, each of these objects can be assigned various permissions through the use of access control lists. Permissions are binary in nature; that is, something is either allowed or not allowed.

And beyond each permission, every object MCTS Windows 7 is assigned an object owner, who can control how each of these permissions are set, along with administrators with control levels higher than the object owner. Furthermore, Active Directory object control and permissions can be delegated to other users so that they can manage them themselves. At the enterprise level, this is common because it simply isn?t practical for administrators to be responsible for every- day tasks, such as changing a password, for thousands of users. Accordingly, delegations can be assigned to various organizational units to administer other objects and free up load on the administrator.

Every object within Active Directory contains a certain amount of authorization data that secures the object. This information is included in the security descriptor, which, according to the Microsoft documentation on Active Directory delegation best practices, includes the following:
Owner This is the current owner of the object?s SID.
Group This is the SID for the current owner?s group.
Discretionary access control list (DACL) According to Microsoft, this is a list of zero or
more ACEs that specify who has what access to the object.
System access control list (SACL) This is the list of access 70-680 controls that are used for auditing.

Access control entities (ACEs) are Active Directory conventions that give speci?c permis-
sions for object access; ACEs are compiled into access control lists and can take one of six values per ACE:

Additionally, ACEs contain permissions that are further refined by a series of standard permissions. This includes such values as Read Control, Standard Delete, and more permis- sions than I can include in this chapter. Suf?ce it to say, ACEs provide a ?ne-layered and very granular amount of control for individual objects.

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